加速康复外科理念在根治性子宫切除术患者中的应用研究

目的:探讨加速康复外科理念对行根治性子宫切除术的宫颈癌患者的围手术期应用价值。方法:选取2013年1月至2018年7月在我院行因宫颈癌行根治性子宫切除术的66例患者作为研究对象。将入院患者随机分为观察组及对照组,观察组接受加速康复外科理念治疗(30例),对照组为常规治疗组(36例)。比较两组患者的肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、下床行走时间、术后住院时间以及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:观察组与对照组肠鸣音恢复时间分别为(35.9±3.4)h及(39.6±3.0)h,术后首次排气时间分别为(50.7±2.7)h及(54.8±3.2)h,下床行走时间分别为(49.9±2.6)h及(53.6±3.2)h。术后住院时间分别为(7.6±1.7)d及(9.2±1.8)d,观察组以上指标均显著短于对照组(P0.01)。观察组与对照组的术后并发症总发生率分别为10.11%及23.44%,观察组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组拔除尿管后尿潴留的发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:加速康复外科理念用于宫颈癌根治术患者的围手术期可有效加速患者的康复,且安全性较高。     

腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术与阴式子宫全切除术治疗子宫良性病变的临床比较

目的:探究阴式子宫全切除术与腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术治疗子宫良性病变的临床效果。方法:选择2011年10月~2013年9月我院收治的子宫良性病变的患者120例,其中行腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术80例(研究组)和行阴式子全宫切除术40例(对照组),观察并分析两组的临床指标及手术并发症。结果:研究组住院费用明显高于对照组(P0.05),手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间均低于对照组(P0.05);研究组无邻近脏器损伤,对照组输尿管损伤2例(5.00%),研究组患者出现手术损伤率明显低于对照组,差异存在统计学差异(x2=3.968,P=0.046);对两组患者术后随访1年,两组患者均无出现再手术情况;两组患者术后阴道残端均愈合较好,未出现阴道残端漏,患者无大小便困难及其他不适。结论:腹腔镜辅助下阴式子宫切除术治疗子宫良性病变疗效优于阴式子宫全切术,其手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间均较低,创伤小,更有利于患者恢复健康,在临床上值得应用推广。     

不同剂量地佐辛用于腹腔镜妇科手术超前镇痛的效果观察

目的：观察不同剂量地佐辛用于腹腔镜妇科手术超前镇痛的效果。方法：将90例ASAI．II级、年龄18~60岁拟行腹腔镜妇科手术的患者随机分成3组,每组30例,A组给予地佐辛0．1mg／kg开皮前15rain静脉注射;B组给予地佐辛0．15mg／kg开皮前15min静脉注射;C组给予地佐辛0．2mg／kg开皮前15min静脉注射,采用VAS评分评估术后镇痛效果并观察术后辅助镇痛药物的使用和不良反应的发生情况。结果：B、c组术后2、4、6、8h的VAS评分明显低于A组（P〈0．05）;C组术后2、4h的Ramsay评分明显高于A、B组（P〈0.05）;A组术后辅助镇痛药的使用率明显高于B组和C组（P／0．05）;3组不良反应的发生率比较均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：开皮前15rain静注地佐辛0．15mg／kg用于腹腔镜妇科手术镇痛效果好,且不增加不良反应的发生率。     

Effect of Gastric Banding on Aminoterminal Pro‐brain Natriuretic Peptide in the Morbidly Obese

Objective: Aminoterminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), like brain natriuretic peptide, might have diagnostic utility in detecting left ventricular hypertrophy and/or left ventricular dysfunction. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between morbid obesity and NT‐proBNP and the effect of weight reduction on this parameter. Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 34 morbidly obese patients underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). NT‐proBNP levels were measured before and 12 months after the surgery. Results: Metabolic features and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly decreased (p < 0.00001 for both) after a cumulative weight loss of 19.55 kg 1 year after LAGB. NT‐proBNP concentration was significantly higher in morbidly obese patients before LAGB than in normal‐weight control subjects (341.15 ± 127.78 fmol/mL vs. 161.68 ± 75.78 fmol/mL; p < 0.00001). After bariatric surgery, NT‐proBNP concentration decreased significantly from 341.15 ± 127.78 fmol/mL to 204.87 ± 59.84 fmol/mL (p < 0.00, 001) and remained statistically significantly elevated (204.88 ± 59.84 fmol/mL vs. 161.68 ± 75.78 fmol/mL; p = 0.04) compared with normal‐weight subjects. Discussion: This investigation demonstrates higher levels of NT‐proBNP in morbidly obese subjects and a significant decrease during weight loss after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. In obesity, NT‐proBNP might be useful as a routine screening method for identifying left ventricular hypertrophy and/or left ventricular dysfunction.     

经脐单孔腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗腹股沟斜疝患儿的疗效及对血清炎性指标和免疫功能的影响

摘要 目的：观察经脐单孔腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗腹股沟斜疝患儿的疗效及对血清炎性指标和免疫功能的影响。方法：研究为回顾性研究,选取2018年1月~2020年12月期间在我院接受治疗的198例腹股沟斜疝患儿的临床资料,按照手术方式的差异分为传统组（97例）和微创组（101例）。传统组接受开放性腹股沟斜疝疝囊高位结扎术,微创组接受经脐单孔腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术,观察两组手术相关指标、血清炎性指标和免疫功能变化情况,记录随访期间并发症发生率并作组间对比。结果：与传统组相比,微创组切口总长度更短,手术时间、住院时间缩短,术中出血量减少（P<0.05）。术后2 d组间对比,微创组免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、免疫球蛋白A（Ig A）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）水平均高于传统组（P<0.05）。术后2 d组间对比,微创组血清白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞计数均低于传统组（P<0.05）。与传统组相比,微创组随访期间并发症发生率更低（P<0.05）。结论：经脐单孔腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术治疗腹股沟斜疝患儿,具有创伤小、手术时间短、并发症少、术后恢复快等优势,且该术式引起的炎症反应及免疫抑制程度均较传统治疗更轻,是治疗此类患儿的良好选择。     

HALS与LAP用于直肠癌根治术患者的临床疗效及其对血清炎性因子水平的影响

目的:探讨手辅助腹腔镜手术(hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery,HALS)与全腹腔镜手术(laparoscopic surgery,LAP)用于直肠癌根治术患者的临床疗效及其对血清炎性因子水平的影响。方法:选取2013年3月～2018年3月在我院行直肠癌根治术的患者61例进行回顾性分析,按照手术方式不同分为手辅助腹腔镜手术组(HALS组)和全腹腔镜手术组(LAP组)。比较两组患者的手术相关指标、术后恢复指标和治疗前后血清炎性因子水平的变化。结果:HALS组的手术时间、术中出血量和副损伤显著低于LAP组(P0.05),两组中转开腹率相比无统计学差异(P0.05);两组患者术后肠功能恢复时间、进食时间、下床时间和住院时间比较均无显著性差异(P0.05);两组患者术后1 h和术后1 d血清白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10, IL-10)、C-反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)和α肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,TNF-α)水平均较术前显著升高,且HALS组显著低于LAP组(P0.05),术后1 w血清IL-10、CRP和TNF-α水平与术前相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:HALS直肠癌根治术对患者的手术创伤小,炎性反应轻,且不影响患者的预后,利于患者的康复。     

阴式全子宫切除术和腹腔镜下全子宫切除术的临床对比分析

目的:比较阴式全子宫切除术与腹腔镜下全子宫切除术的临床治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析2014年6月-2015年6月我院收治的137例子宫良性病变患者的临床病历资料,按照手术方式将其分为阴式组(行阴式全子宫切除术)和腹腔镜组(行腹腔镜下全子宫切除术),比较两组患者的术中、术后临床指标及术后并发症情况。结果:阴式组手术时间及术中出血量均少于腹腔镜组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。阴式组肛门排气时间、下床活动时间以及住院时间均短于腹腔镜组,住院总费用低于腹腔镜组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者并发症发生情况差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阴式全子宫切除术较腹腔镜下全子宫切除术而言,具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快的特点,值得临床推广。     

Vaginal vault smears –''know more – do less'': a questionnaire survey of primary health care practitioners

BACKGROUND: The vaginal vault smear is a test for cellular atypia in women who have undergone a hysterectomy. In asymptomatic women the test has poor sensitivity and specificity. Current guidelines recommend: vault smears should not be used after hysterectomy for benign pathology; two vault smears (6 and 12 months postsurgery) should be taken when there is evidence of completely excised CIN II/III in the specimen. AIM: To describe primary health care professionals' self-reported knowledge and behaviour relating to the use of vault smears. DESIGN OF STUDY: Questionnaire. SETTING: South Birmingham. METHODS: Postal questionnaire survey to primary health care professionals (general practitioners and practice nurses, n = 424). Results: Response rate 80.0%, completed response rate 68.9%. Mean knowledge score was 7.3 out of possible 12 (SD 1.9); range 0-10. No significant differences were observed between GPs and practice nurses in knowledge scores, although differences were noted in the frequency of performing vault smears. An inverse relationship was observed between frequency of performing vault smears and level of knowledge about the test. There was a positive association between requesting further information and the 'knowledge score'. Only 11% correctly answered a question based on current guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of current guidelines was poor. Those who undertook fewest vault smears appeared best informed. This suggests that if all primary care professionals practised according to current guidelines, the number of vault smears performed may be reduced. Unnecessary vault smears may cause additional anxiety in women and have financial consequences for the NHS.     

肥胖病人急性阑尾炎腹腔镜手术与开腹手术临床效果比较分析

目的分析对肥胖急性阑尾炎病人实施腹腔镜阑尾切除与开腹阑尾切除的临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院2007年1月至2011年12月期间腹腔镜阑尾切除与开腹阑尾切除相关资料。结果实施腹腔镜阑尾切除手术病人的总体并发症发生率与致死率均较低,住院时间较短,住院费用较少,两种方法相比差异显著,具有统计学意义。结论对于肥胖病人实施腹腔镜阑尾切除手术比实施开腹阑尾切除手术更为安全可靠,疗效更好,不论阑尾炎是否穿孔,腹腔镜阑尾切除手术应作为首选方法。     

围手术期护理干预对腹腔镜胆囊切除术疗效的影响

目的探讨围手术期实施护理干预措施,对腹腔镜胆囊切除术疗效的影响。方法腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者100例根据护理方法的不同随机分为护理干预和对照组各50例。对照组进行常规护理,护理干预在对照组的基础上采取一系列的术前、术中及术后的围手术期护理干预措施。观察比较两组腹腔镜胆囊切除术的疗效及并发症情况。结果护理干预组的手术时间、术中出血量及术后排气时间、术后住院时间均明显短于对照组（P〈0.05）。且护理干预组术后发生切口感染、出血以及胆漏、放射痛、肠粘连的发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论通过采取系列的围手术期护理干预措施,可以积极预防并发症的发生,缩短手术时间及住院时间,提高治疗效果。